High-carbon and alloy steels known as “tool steels” are frequently used to create cutters, reamers, bits, and other items needed to machine metals, plastics, and wood. Tool steels typically include cobalt or nickel to improve strength and performance at high temperatures, and carbide former for increased wear resistance, including: chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten in various combinations. Most tool steel is produced in electric arc furnaces, where it is melted, purified, brought to the correct composition, then poured into ingots, cooled, and annealed to prepare it for further processing. Some tool steels are produced by powder metallurgy or other specialized processes.
Tool steels are composed of various combinations of carbide-forming metals such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. These iron-based alloys have relatively high carbon content for strength and carbide formation. Substitutional solutes like nickel and cobalt are added for high-temperature strength. Carbide-forming metals like: chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium are added for hardness and wear resistance
Hot work die steels are high quality steels made to close compositional and physical tolerances. They are used to make dies for forming or shaping a material into a part or component adapted for a definite use They are applied in processes such as hot forging, pressure die casting, and extrusion as well as in tube and glass product manufacturing.
Hot work die steels are a widely used material for construction of tools designated for shaping and forming of metal, plastic and other elements in mass production.
MAIN USES OF HIGH SPEED STEEL
They are mainly used to manufacture various cutting tools: drills, taps, milling cutters, drill and tool bits, hobbing (gear) cutters, power saw blades, planer and jointer blades, router bits, punches and dies.
High-speed steel (HSS) is made from 40+ tool steel alloys consisting of carbon steel, alloyed with more than 7% tungsten or molybdenum, and percentages of chromium-vanadium and cobalt. Its carbon content is about 0.7%-1.65%. And the alloy content is about 10%-25%.
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